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<h2><span class="refentrytitle"><a name="pango-Bidirectional-Text.top_of_page"></a>Bidirectional Text</span></h2>
<p>Bidirectional Text — Types and functions to help with handling bidirectional text</p>
</td>
<td valign="top" align="right"></td>
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<div class="refsynopsisdiv">
<a name="pango-Bidirectional-Text.synopsis"></a><h2>Synopsis</h2>
<pre class="synopsis">
enum                <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection">PangoDirection</a>;
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection">PangoDirection</a>      <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-unichar-direction" title="pango_unichar_direction ()">pango_unichar_direction</a>             (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch);
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection">PangoDirection</a>      <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-find-base-dir" title="pango_find_base_dir ()">pango_find_base_dir</a>                 (const <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar"
>gchar</a> *text,
                                                         <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gint"
>gint</a> length);
<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean"
>gboolean</a>            <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-get-mirror-char" title="pango_get_mirror_char ()">pango_get_mirror_char</a>               (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch,
                                                         <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> *mirrored_ch);
enum                <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoBidiType" title="enum PangoBidiType">PangoBidiType</a>;
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoBidiType" title="enum PangoBidiType">PangoBidiType</a>       <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-bidi-type-for-unichar" title="pango_bidi_type_for_unichar ()">pango_bidi_type_for_unichar</a>         (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch);
</pre>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="pango-Bidirectional-Text.description"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<p>
Pango supports bidirectional text (like Arabic and Hebrew) automatically.
Some applications however, need some help to correctly handle bidirectional
text.
</p>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection"><span class="type">PangoDirection</span></a> type can be used with <a class="link" href="pango-Text-Processing.html#pango-context-set-base-dir" title="pango_context_set_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_context_set_base_dir()</code></a> to
instruct Pango about direction of text, though in most cases Pango detects
that correctly and automatically.  The rest of the facilities in this section
are used internally by Pango already, and are provided to help applications
that need more direct control over bidirectional setting of text.
</p>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="pango-Bidirectional-Text.details"></a><h2>Details</h2>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="PangoDirection"></a><h3>enum PangoDirection</h3>
<pre class="programlisting">typedef enum {
  PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_LTR,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_RTL,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_LTR,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_RTL,
  PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL
} PangoDirection;
</pre>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection"><span class="type">PangoDirection</span></a> type represents a direction in the
Unicode bidirectional algorithm; not every value in this
enumeration makes sense for every usage of <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection"><span class="type">PangoDirection</span></a>;
for example, the return value of <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-unichar-direction" title="pango_unichar_direction ()"><code class="function">pango_unichar_direction()</code></a>
and <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#pango-find-base-dir" title="pango_find_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_find_base_dir()</code></a> cannot be <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-LTR:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_LTR</code></a>
or <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-RTL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_RTL</code></a>, since every character is either
neutral or has a strong direction; on the other hand
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</code></a> doesn't make sense to pass
to <a class="link" href="pango-Text-Processing.html#pango-itemize-with-base-dir" title="pango_itemize_with_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_itemize_with_base_dir()</code></a>.
</p>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-LTR:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_LTR</code></a>, <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-RTL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_RTL</code></a>
values come from an earlier interpretation of this
enumeration as the writing direction of a block of
text and are no longer used; See <a class="link" href="pango-Vertical-Text.html#PangoGravity" title="enum PangoGravity"><span class="type">PangoGravity</span></a> for how
vertical text is handled in Pango.</p>
<p>
</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</code></span></p></td>
<td> A strong left-to-right direction
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</code></span></p></td>
<td> A strong right-to-left direction
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-LTR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_LTR</code></span></p></td>
<td> Deprecated value; treated the
  same as <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</code></a>.
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-TTB-RTL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_TTB_RTL</code></span></p></td>
<td> Deprecated value; treated the
  same as <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</code></a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-LTR:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_LTR</code></span></p></td>
<td> A weak left-to-right direction
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-WEAK-RTL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_WEAK_RTL</code></span></p></td>
<td> A weak right-to-left direction
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</code></span></p></td>
<td> No direction specified
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="pango-unichar-direction"></a><h3>pango_unichar_direction ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection">PangoDirection</a>      pango_unichar_direction             (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch);</pre>
<p>
Determines the inherent direction of a character; either
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-LTR:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_LTR</code></a>, <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-RTL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_RTL</code></a>, or
<a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</code></a>.
</p>
<p>
This function is useful to categorize characters into left-to-right
letters, right-to-left letters, and everything else.  If full
Unicode bidirectional type of a character is needed,
<code class="function">pango_bidi_type_for_gunichar()</code> can be used instead.</p>
<p>

</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td> a Unicode character
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
<td> the direction of the character.
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="pango-find-base-dir"></a><h3>pango_find_base_dir ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoDirection" title="enum PangoDirection">PangoDirection</a>      pango_find_base_dir                 (const <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gchar"
>gchar</a> *text,
                                                         <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gint"
>gint</a> length);</pre>
<p>
Searches a string the first character that has a strong
direction, according to the Unicode bidirectional algorithm.</p>
<p>

</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>text</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td>   the text to process
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>length</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td> length of <em class="parameter"><code>text</code></em> in bytes (may be -1 if <em class="parameter"><code>text</code></em> is nul-terminated)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
<td> The direction corresponding to the first strong character.
If no such character is found, then <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PANGO-DIRECTION-NEUTRAL:CAPS"><code class="literal">PANGO_DIRECTION_NEUTRAL</code></a> is returned.

</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p class="since">Since  1.4
</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="pango-get-mirror-char"></a><h3>pango_get_mirror_char ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Basic-Types.html#gboolean"
>gboolean</a>            pango_get_mirror_char               (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch,
                                                         <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> *mirrored_ch);</pre>
<div class="warning" style="margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0.5in;">
<h3 class="title">Warning</h3>
<p><code class="literal">pango_get_mirror_char</code> is deprecated and should not be used in newly-written code.</p>
</div>
<p>
If <em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em> has the Unicode mirrored property and there is another Unicode
character that typically has a glyph that is the mirror image of <em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em>'s
glyph, puts that character in the address pointed to by <em class="parameter"><code>mirrored_ch</code></em>.
</p>
<p>
Use <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#g-unichar-get-mirror-char"
><code class="function">g_unichar_get_mirror_char()</code></a> instead; the docs for that function
provide full details.</p>
<p>

</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td> a Unicode character
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>mirrored_ch</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td> location to store the mirrored character
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
<td> <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Standard-Macros.html#TRUE:CAPS"
><code class="literal">TRUE</code></a> if <em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em> has a mirrored character and <em class="parameter"><code>mirrored_ch</code></em> is
filled in, <a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Standard-Macros.html#FALSE:CAPS"
><code class="literal">FALSE</code></a> otherwise
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="PangoBidiType"></a><h3>enum PangoBidiType</h3>
<pre class="programlisting">typedef enum {
  /* Strong types */
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_L,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRE,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRO,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_R,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AL,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLE,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLO,

  /* Weak types */
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_PDF,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_EN,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ES,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ET,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AN,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_CS,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_NSM,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_BN,

  /* Neutral types */
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_B,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_S,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_WS,
  PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ON
} PangoBidiType;
</pre>
<p>
The <a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoBidiType" title="enum PangoBidiType"><span class="type">PangoBidiType</span></a> type represents the bidirectional character
type of a Unicode character as specified by the
<a class="ulink" href="http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/" target="_top">Unicode bidirectional algorithm</a>.</p>
<p>

</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-L:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_L</code></span></p></td>
<td> Left-to-Right
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-LRE:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRE</code></span></p></td>
<td> Left-to-Right Embedding
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-LRO:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_LRO</code></span></p></td>
<td> Left-to-Right Override
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-R:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_R</code></span></p></td>
<td> Right-to-Left
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-AL:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AL</code></span></p></td>
<td> Right-to-Left Arabic
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-RLE:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLE</code></span></p></td>
<td> Right-to-Left Embedding
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-RLO:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_RLO</code></span></p></td>
<td> Right-to-Left Override
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-PDF:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_PDF</code></span></p></td>
<td> Pop Directional Format
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-EN:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_EN</code></span></p></td>
<td> European Number
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ES:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ES</code></span></p></td>
<td> European Number Separator
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ET:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ET</code></span></p></td>
<td> European Number Terminator
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-AN:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_AN</code></span></p></td>
<td> Arabic Number
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-CS:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_CS</code></span></p></td>
<td> Common Number Separator
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-NSM:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_NSM</code></span></p></td>
<td> Nonspacing Mark
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-BN:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_BN</code></span></p></td>
<td> Boundary Neutral
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-B:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_B</code></span></p></td>
<td> Paragraph Separator
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-S:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_S</code></span></p></td>
<td> Segment Separator
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-WS:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_WS</code></span></p></td>
<td> Whitespace
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><a name="PANGO-BIDI-TYPE-ON:CAPS"></a><span class="term"><code class="literal">PANGO_BIDI_TYPE_ON</code></span></p></td>
<td> Other Neutrals
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p class="since">Since  1.22
</p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="refsect2" lang="en">
<a name="pango-bidi-type-for-unichar"></a><h3>pango_bidi_type_for_unichar ()</h3>
<pre class="programlisting"><a class="link" href="pango-Bidirectional-Text.html#PangoBidiType" title="enum PangoBidiType">PangoBidiType</a>       pango_bidi_type_for_unichar         (<a
href="/home/behdad/.local/share/gtk-doc/html/glib/glib-Unicode-Manipulation.html#gunichar"
>gunichar</a> ch);</pre>
<p>
Determines the normative bidirectional character type of a
character, as specified in the Unicode Character Database.
</p>
<p>
A simplified version of this function is available as
<code class="function">pango_unichar_get_direction()</code>.</p>
<p>

</p>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0">
<col align="left" valign="top">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><em class="parameter"><code>ch</code></em> :</span></p></td>
<td> a Unicode character
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><p><span class="term"><span class="emphasis"><em>Returns</em></span> :</span></p></td>
<td> the bidirectional character type, as used in the
Unicode bidirectional algorithm.

</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p class="since">Since  1.22
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="refsect1" lang="en">
<a name="pango-Bidirectional-Text.see-also"></a><h2>See Also</h2>
<p>
<a class="link" href="pango-Text-Processing.html#pango-context-get-base-dir" title="pango_context_get_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_context_get_base_dir()</code></a>,
<a class="link" href="pango-Text-Processing.html#pango-context-set-base-dir" title="pango_context_set_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_context_set_base_dir()</code></a>,
<a class="link" href="pango-Text-Processing.html#pango-itemize-with-base-dir" title="pango_itemize_with_base_dir ()"><code class="function">pango_itemize_with_base_dir()</code></a>
</p>
</div>
</div>
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